What are hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding. They can develop inside the rectum (internal hemorrhoids) or under the skin around the anus (external hemorrhoids). Hemorrhoids are common and can be caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum due to obesity, pregnancy, chronic diarrhea or constipation, sitting for long periods on the toilet, and straining during bowel movements.

Common symptoms of hemorrhoids include: painless bleeding during bowel movements, itching or irritation in the anal area, pain, discomfort, swelling around the anus, and lumps near the anus.

Treatment for hemorrhoids can often be managed at home with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter remedies, such as:

·       Eating high-fiber foods

·       Using topical treatments

·       Soaking regularly in a warm bath or sitz bath

·       Taking oral pain relievers

In more severe cases, medical procedures may be necessary, such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or surgical removal. If you experience significant pain, bleeding, or do not see improvement with home treatment, it's important to seek medical advice.

How are hemorrhoids diagnosed?

Hemorrhoids are typically diagnosed based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and in some cases, additional tests. Here's a quick run-through on essentials to diagnosing it:

·       Medical History: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, such as bleeding, pain, itching, and any discomfort in the anal area. They may inquire about your bowel habits, diet, and any factors that might contribute to hemorrhoids, such as pregnancy or heavy lifting.

·       Physical Examination: This usually involves a visual inspection of the anal area. Your doctor may gently examine the outside of the anus for external hemorrhoids and may also perform a digital rectal exam. During this exam, the doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for internal hemorrhoids or any abnormalities in the rectal area.

·       Additional Tests: In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to further evaluate the extent of the hemorrhoids or to rule out other conditions:

o      Anoscopy: A procedure in which a small, tubular instrument called an anoscope is inserted into the anus to visualize internal hemorrhoids and the lower rectum.

o      Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy: If your doctor suspects internal hemorrhoids are causing bleeding but wants to examine the entire colon and rectum, they may recommend a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. These procedures involve using a flexible tube with a camera to examine the inside of the colon and rectum.

o      Imaging tests: In rare cases where hemorrhoids are unusually large or painful, or if other conditions are suspected, imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI may be used to get a clearer picture.

Diagnosing hemorrhoids is generally straightforward based on the symptoms and physical examination. Most cases can be managed with conservative treatments and lifestyle changes. However, if you experience persistent symptoms or bleeding, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?

The symptoms of hemorrhoids can vary depending on whether they are internal or external, but common signs include:

Internal Hemorrhoids:

·       Painless Bleeding: Bright red blood on toilet tissue, in the toilet bowl, or on the surface of stool after a bowel movement.

·       Prolapse: Internal hemorrhoids can push through the anus, leading to a visible and sometimes painful bulge.

External Hemorrhoids:

·       Pain or Discomfort: Especially when sitting, as external hemorrhoids are more sensitive.

·       Swelling: Around the anus.

·       Itching or Irritation: In the anal region.

·       Lump: A hard lump around the anus, which may be a thrombosed hemorrhoid (a hemorrhoid with a blood clot inside).

General Symptoms:

·       Itching or Irritation: In the anal region.

·       Swelling: Around the anus.

·       Leakage of Feces: Especially with more severe hemorrhoids.

·       Mucus Discharge: From the anus.

If you experience significant pain, heavy bleeding, or do not see improvement with home treatment, it's important to seek medical advice.

What are the common treatments for hemorrhoids?

Treatment for hemorrhoids depends on the severity and type of hemorrhoids (internal or external). Common treatments include home remedies, over-the-counter medications, and medical procedures.

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes:

·       High-Fiber Diet: Eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help soften stool and reduce straining during bowel movements.

·       Hydration: Drinking plenty of water can help prevent constipation and straining.

·       Warm Baths: Soaking in a warm bath for 10-15 minutes several times a day can help reduce pain and swelling.

·       Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter creams, ointments, and suppositories can help relieve itching and discomfort.

·       Cold Compresses: Applying ice packs to the affected area can reduce swelling.

·       Good Hygiene: Keeping the anal area clean and dry can prevent irritation.

·       Avoiding Straining: Avoid prolonged sitting on the toilet and straining during bowel movements.

Over-the-Counter Medications:

·       Pain Relievers: Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin can help relieve pain and discomfort.

·       Topical Treatments: Creams containing hydrocortisone or witch hazel can reduce itching and inflammation.

Medical Procedures:

·       Rubber Band Ligation: A rubber band is placed around the base of an internal hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply, causing it to shrink and fall off.

·       Sclerotherapy: A chemical solution is injected into the hemorrhoid to shrink it.

·       Infrared, Laser, or Bipolar Coagulation: Techniques that use heat to shrink hemorrhoidal tissue.

·       Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of severe or prolapsed hemorrhoids.

·       Hemorrhoid Stapling: A procedure that blocks blood flow to hemorrhoidal tissue.

When to See a Doctor:

·       If you experience significant pain or bleeding.

·       If symptoms persist despite home treatment.

·       If hemorrhoids are severe or recurrent.

A healthcare professional can help determine the best course of treatment based on the severity of your symptoms and overall health.

How can acupuncture help patients that have hemorrhoids?  

Acupuncture helps manage symptoms and improve overall well-being through several mechanisms:

·       Pain Relief: Acupuncture can stimulate the release of endorphins, which are natural pain-relieving chemicals in the body. This can help reduce the discomfort associated with hemorrhoids.

·       Reducing Inflammation: Acupuncture is believed to have anti-inflammatory effects, which may help decrease swelling and inflammation around hemorrhoids.

·       Improving Circulation: By stimulating certain acupuncture points, blood circulation to the anal area may improve, potentially aiding in the healing process of hemorrhoids.

·       Stress Reduction: Acupuncture is known to promote relaxation and reduce stress. Lowering stress levels can indirectly benefit hemorrhoid symptoms, as stress can exacerbate digestive issues and contribute to tension in the anal area.

·       Enhancing Digestive Function: Acupuncture is thought to regulate digestive function by balancing the body's energy flow (Qi). This could potentially help address underlying factors contributing to hemorrhoids, such as constipation.

Acupuncture is generally considered safe when performed by a trained practitioner using sterile needles. Therefore, acupuncture should be considered as a complementary therapy alongside conventional medical treatments and lifestyle modifications. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment approach, including acupuncture, especially if you have severe hemorrhoids or underlying health conditions.